O.R.T. Institute

O.R.T. References

The following list of references is adapted from Appendix J of The Object Relations Technique: Assessing the Individual, published by O.R.T. Institute.


Alanen, Y., Rakkolainen, V., Laasko, J., Rasimus, R. & Kaljonen, A. (1986) Towards need-specific treatment of schizophrenic psychosis. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Alcock, T. & Phillipson, H. (1956) The use of Rorschach and O.R.T. in vocational selection work. Rorschach Newsletter, 1(9), 18–19.

Aston, P. (1970) Predicting verbal participation in group therapy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 116(530), 45–50.

Boreham, J. (1967) The psycho-dynamic diagnosis and treatment of vocational problems. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 6, 150–158.

Boreham, J. (1975a) Planned focal psychotherapy: a conceptual model and case study. British Journal of Projective Psychology, 20(1), 1–7.

Boreham, J. (1975b) Brief psychotherapy, termination and follow-up: the conclusion of a case study. British Journal of Projective Psychology, 20(2), 1–9.

Campo, V., Dow, N. & Tuset, A. (1988) Rorschach, O.R.T., and follow-up. British Journal of Projective Psychology, 33(2), 31–53.

Cassese, S. (1968) Experimental contribution to the study of objective [sic] relationships in adolescence. Bolletino de Psicologia Applicata, 85–87, 25–44.

Cochrane, N. (1975a) Assessing the aggressive components of personality, II: a new approach. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 48(1), 15–30.

Cochrane, N. (1975b) The role of aggression in the psychogenesis of depressive illness. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 48(2), 113–130.

Cochrane, N. (1977a) A contribution from the field of psychodynamics to the controversy over reactive and endogenous depression. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 50(1), 87–94.

Cochrane, N. (1977b) Depressive illness: the role of aggression further considered. Psychological Medicine, 7(2), 283–288.

Coleman, J. (1969) The perception of interpersonal relationships during adolescence. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 39, 253–260.

Coleman, J. (1974) Relationships in adolescence. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Coleman, J., Elkan, G. & Shooter, A. (1968) Perception of people and relationships: an O.R.T. study of four clinical groups. Proceedings of the International Congress of Rorschach and Other Projective Techniques, London, Bern: Hans Huber.

Davis, H. (1967) Some reaction types encountered in O.R.T. practice. Rorschach Newsletter, 12(2), 22–32.

DeJubany, H. (1988) On primitive defense mechanisms on the O.R.T. in borderline patients. British Journal of Projective Psychology, 33(1), 154–162.

DeJubany, H. (1991) H. Phillipson’s Object Relations Technique in structural diagnosis. Bulletin de la Societe du Rorschach et des Methodes Projectives de Langue Francaise, 35, 105–116.

Elkan, G. (1975) The Object Relations Technique as a facilitator of psychotherapy: case study and rationale. British Journal of Projective Psychology, 20(2), 11–18.

Elkan, G. (1988) Scoring systems for the O.R.T. British Journal of Projective Psychology, 33(1), 138–153.

Fagen, G. (1989) Assessing relational defenses using the ORT. Unpublished paper presented at the Midwinter Meeting of the Society for Personality Assessment, New York.

Fano-Cassese, S. & Genovese-Ghetti, C. (1968) The Object Relations Test in the diagnosis of adolescent crises. Revista de Neurobiologica, 14(3), 386–390.

Fiss, H., Ellman, S. & Klein, G. (1969) Waking fantasies following interrupted and completed REM periods. Archives of General Psychiatry, 21, 230–239.

Gladston, E. & Amado-Haguenauer, G. (1960) Fluidity in the limits of the self. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 6, 260–268.

Gleed, E. (1974) Some psychological mechanisms in agoraphobia. British Journal of Projective Psychology, 20(1), 27–33.

Grabhorn, R., et al. (1994) Changes in self-object differentiation during inpatient therapy with a female patient with an eating disorder. Psychotherapi Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie, 44(8), 273–283.

Haskell, R. (1958) Relationship between the O.R.T. and the Rorschach. Unpublished master’s thesis, Johns Hopkins University.

Hood, V. (1975) The use of symbolic meanings in career counseling. British Journal of Projective Psychology, 20(1), 35–39.

King, D. (1988) Phillipson’s Object Relations Technique as an aid to the teaching of psychotherapy. British Journal of Projective Psychology, 33(1), 106–113.

Koenig, W. (1992) The presence of survivor guilt in the sequelae of elective abortions. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Professional School of Psychology, San Francisco. (University Microfilms No. LD-02, 529).

Kornblit, A. & Gasparino, A. (1967) Test administration for the evaluation of therapeutic group dynamics. Acta Psychiatrica y Psicologica de America Latina, 13, 215–220.

Koski, M., Holmberg, R. & Torvinen, V. (1987) Alexithymia in juvenile diabetes. Psychiatria Fennica.

Lepot-Froment, C. & Verbeke, R. (1973) Prediction of the efficiency of Zaire teachers on the basis of personality tests. Revue Belge de Psychologie et de Pedagogie, 35(143), 57–78.

Lis, A., Basile, A. & DeZordo, M. (1988) Different symbolisation ability as revealed by the application of Phillipson’s Object Relations Technique (O.R.T.): A contribution to the [sic] O.R.T. discriminant validity. British Journal of Projective Psychology, 33(1), 126–137.

Lis, A., Mellano, D. & Zennaro, A. (1994) Psychoanalytic approach to the O.R.T. evaluation: the defense scale. British Journal of Projective Psychology, 39(2), 31–42.

Mampaso, P. & Espada, A. (1986) Analysis de las respuestas characteristicas que una muestra de sujetos femeninosdiagnosticados de histeria produjeron ante el T.R.O. de H. Phillipson. [Analysis of a characteristic response to Phillipson’s O.R.T. given by a sample of female subjects with a diagnosis of hysteria.] Revista de Psiquiatria y Psicologia Medica, 17(7), 407–433.

Nielsen, N. (1982) Psychodiagnostic characteristics of borderline patients: A study with Phillipson’s test. Rivista Sperimentale di Freniatria e Medicina Legale delle Alienazioni Mentali, 106(4), 674–692.

Noonan, E. (1990) The ORT as a transitional experience. Presented at the Tenth Annual Spring Meeting of the Division of Psychoanalysis (39), American Psychological Association, New York.

O’Kelly, E. (1956) The O.R. Test: some quantitative findings relating to early separation from the mother. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 29, 24.

O’Kelly, E. (1957) An investigation by means of the O.R. Test into some of the effects of early separation from the mother on the personal relationships of adolescent delinquent girls. Journal of Mental Science, 103, 381–391.

Orme, J. (1959) O.R.T. performance in schizophrenia. Journal of Mental Science, 105, 1119–1122.

Osborne, E. (1987) The O.R.T. and adolescents with examination anxieties. British Journal of Projective Psychology, 32(1), 45–59.

Passarin, L., et al. (1991) Personality characteristics of patients who suffer syncopes evaluated by the Phillipson Object Relations Technique. British Journal of Projective Psychology, 36(2), 35–46.

Peyru, G. & Pastrana Borrero, A. (1977) The position of conflict in psychotherapy. Acta Psiquiatrica y Psicologica de America Latina, 23(1), 58–66.

Phillipson, H. (1955) The Object Relations Technique (Plates and Manual). London: Tavistock.

Phillipson, H. (1956) Directions of development in projective techniques: the projective approach to diagnosis and psychotherapy. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 29(2), 139–149.

Phillipson, H. (1988) The use of O.R.T. as a facilitator of maturational process: some implications for a range of applications with special reference to subliminal activation of preconscious processing. British Journal of Projective Psychology, 33(1), 84–105.

Phillipson, H. & Hopkins, J. (1964) Personality: an approach to the study of perception. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 37, 1–15.

Rayner, E. & Hahn, H. (1964) Assessment for psychotherapy: A pilot study of psychological test indications of success and failure in treatment. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 37, 331–342.

Robertiello, R. (1974) Addendum to Object Relations Technique. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 11(4), 306–307.

Sandahl, C. & Sandahl, P. (1990) Experiences of the O.R.T. in industrial selection. Paper presented at the XIIIth International Congress of Rorschach and other Projective Techniques, Paris.

Sandahl, P. & Sandahl, C. (1988) A case using O.R.T. in industrial selection. British Journal of Projective Psychology, 33(1), 114–125.

Scott, C. & Zegers, B. (1989) Redescubriendo el valor del test de Relaciones Objectales de Phillipson en la comprensión dinámica de los fenómenos depresivos. [Rediscovering the value of Phillipson’s Object Relations Test in the diagnosis of depressive states.] Terapia Psicológica, 8(11), 54–61.

Shaw, M. (1984) The Object Relations Technique: perceptual considerations. Invited address, Tavistock Institute of Human Relations, London.

Shaw, M. (1988) The Object Relations Technique: contribution to a generalized conceptual framework, with special reference to the Bagby Adaptation. British Journal of Projective Psychology, 33(1), 4–83.

Shaw, M. (1989a) The Object Relations Technique: brief history and rationale. Paper presented at the Midwinter Meeting of the Society for Personality Assessment, New York.

Shaw, M. (1989b) The clinical utility of the ORT, with special reference to the Bagby Adaptation. Paper presented at the Midwinter Meeting of the Society for Personality Assessment, New York.

Shaw, M. (1990) The Object Relations Technique (ORT): a reintroduction. Paper presented at the Tenth Annual Spring Meeting of the Division of Psychoanalysis (39), American Psychological Association, New York.

Shaw, M. (2002) The Object Relations Technique: Assessing the Individual (Plates and Manual). New York: O.R.T. Institute.

Shore, M., Massimo, J., Kisielewski, J. & Moran, J. (1966) Object relations changes resulting from successful psychotherapy with adolescent delinquents and their relationships to academic performance. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 5, 93–104.

Somekh, D. (1976) The effect of embedded words in a brief visual display. British Journal of Psychiatry, 67(4), 529–535.

Speier, A. (1971) Psychotherapy of adolescents with labile personality structure. Revista Interamericana de Psicologia, 5(3–4), 113–125.

Sperling, M. (1989) The research utility of the ORT for attachment constructs. Paper presented at the Midwinter Meeting of the Society for Personality Assessment, New York.

Tranfield, D. (1983) The psychodynamics of organization development consultants. Human Relations, 36(6), 509–522.

Viitamaki, R. (1962) Psychoses in children: a psychological follow-up study. Annals of the Finnish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Series B, 125(2).

Young, D. (1992) Adaptation to trauma. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Professional School of Psychology, San Francisco. (University Microfilms No. LD-02, 396).

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